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Under the blistering exposure to sun, frequent soakings by rain, and radical temperature shifts, the paints that cover exterior siding and trim surfaces face some of the most demanding conditions possible. Modern paint chemistry makes today's paints remarkably adept at handling these situations, and the house surfaces that once required painting every two or three years can now sometimes go a decade before they require repainting. But under certain conditions—or when the preparation or application has been less than ideal—there are a number of common problems that occur with exterior paint jobs. Understanding the origins and solutions for these ten common problems will help you address them quickly and avoid them in the future.
Blistering paint is identified by small- to medium-sized bubbles or blisters under the paint film. It is most commonly seen on wood siding and trim.
Alligatoring is a type of paint film failure in which the surface develops a cracked pattern with deep relief, resembling a reptile's skin. Checking is a similar failure, but it is less severe and is characterized by long, fairly evenly spaced cracks in the paint film, having shallow relief or depth. Occasionally checking may become severe in some areas, leading to a deeper crack or split in the paint.
A problem of painted masonry construction, efflorescence is identified by crusty white salt deposits bubbling through the paint film from an underlying masonry structure. It is caused by salts in the brick or concrete dissolving with water and then leaching to the surface as the water evaporates.
Chalking is identified by the fine chalky powder that forms on the surface of a paint film. Although some chalking is a normal way in which paints self-clean when exposed to the sun and rain, excessive chalking can indicate paint failure. In dry arid climates where there is little rain, chalking can become excessive. Chalking is actually the paint pigment released by the paint binders that have been broken down by exposure to the weather. Chalking is especially common with very light-colored flat paints, especially lesser quality oil-based paints containing high levels of pigment extenders. When chalking gets severe, it may run off and stain the surrounding construction.
This paint failure is easily identified as paint film with a droopy, dripping appearance.
Mildew is a fungus that feeds and grows on the paint film or caulk and is identifiable by its gray, brown, green, or dark black splotchy spots.
This problem is characterized by rust-colored, reddish-brown to black stains on the paint surface.
Peeling paint is a very common paint problem that can be caused either by moisture or poor adhesion. Peeling due to poor adhesion is characterized by the paint peeling and separating from an earlier paint layer (intercoat peeling) or from the substrate, leaving some paint behind. Sometimes, portions of earlier paint layers are visible under the curling, peeling paint layer.
Peeling due to moisture can be distinguished from other causes by the large peeling sections that expose bare wood underneath. Unlike peeling due to adhesion problems, where peeling may be spotty, moisture-related peeling causes much larger areas to peel away, often around windows, doors, and gutters.
The last cause of peeling paint is interior moisture, characterized by cracking and gentle peeling away of the paint from the substrate as it loses adhesion due to the moisture. Moisture originating from behind the paint film, or frontal moisture that forces its way through the paint film, can create this type of paint failure.
After watching DamNation, the first assessment is clear, but the second is questionable. Dominy is the clearest villain in this tale that explains how so many of America’s free-flowing rivers were dammed. Luckily, the story has many heroes as well, including Mikal Jakubal, who stealthily painted massive cracks on dams. QUIKRETE® Fast-Setting Underlayment and QUIKRETE® Self. Clean the concrete slab or floor of all dirt, dust, oil, grease, paint, or watersoluble material. QUIKRETE® Concrete and Asphalt Cleaner for. That liquid Floor Resurfacer will not lead at the dam area. NON-SHRINK FAST SETTING HYDRAULIC CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCT DAM-IT is a fast setting, hydraulic cement product. (19.1 mm) in width and depth. Force the DAM-IT plug into the prepared crack with a pointing trowel and slick off the surface. Prepare a cove at the junction. DAM-IT - Non-shrink fast setting hydraulic cementitious product Author. Paint Failure Problems and Their Cure. Cassens, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University. Thus causing moisture and associated paint problems. Ice dams can be reduced or eliminated by adequate insulation in attics and by proper attic ventilation. Caulk large cracks and openings after treating and priming.
Top Stories(One activist, Mikal Jakubal, famously painted graffiti cracks down the faces of both dams (see photo below)). The five species of salmon have not been the only motivation for dam removal. In addition, populations of American Shad and Steelhead have had their ecosystems restored.
Six months before rushing water ripped a huge hole in a channel that drains a Northern California reservoir, state inspectors said the concrete spillway was sound. As officials puzzle through how to repair Oroville Dam spillway, federal regulators have ordered the state to figure out what went wrong.
Earlier inspection reports offer potential clues, including cracks on the spillway surface that if not properly repaired could let water tear through the concrete. In recent years, construction crews patched cracks — including in the area where water burrowed a huge pit last week.
Damage to the main spillway triggered a series of problems culminating with the first use of the emergency spillway, which quickly began eroding and threatened to unleash a torrent of water on cities downstream. On Tuesday, officials said the immediate danger had passed, and allowed nearly 200,000 residents to go home after evacuation orders scattered them for nearly two days.
Inspectors with the state agency that both operates and checks the dam, the nation's tallest at 770 feet, walked the half-mile-long spillway in 2014 and 2015 and did not find any concerns.
'Conditions appeared to be normal,' the inspector wrote in reports from both years.
Last August, a team of inspectors did not check the channel on foot but instead from afar, also concluding that everything looked fine.
The inspection came as California was enduring a five-year drought, and the channel rarely was used to relieve pressure on Oroville Lake, which is about 70 miles north of Sacramento. An extraordinarily wet subsequent six months changed that. Dam managers were draining water from the fast-filling reservoir into the Feather River below when the pit appeared last week.
Experts said problems like the cracks in the concrete spillway and spots in nearby areas where water seeped from the reservoir through a hillside were common issues with dams. What mattered, said John Moyle, New Jersey's director of dam safety and flood control, was whether dam operators dealt with the problems carefully — patching cracks so they were watertight, and dealing with spots where water was leaking through so they didn't grow to undermine the concrete.
The Department of Water Resources declined to answer specific questions about the repair work, saying engineers were focused on ensuring public safety.
Robert Bea, professor emeritus of civil and environmental engineering at University of California, Berkeley, said it's 'obvious those repairs didn't work.'
'We don't have details on the repairs, but they put cement into the cracks and troweled it over,' Bea said. 'I call it 'patch and pray.'
On Monday, federal regulators told the department it must enlist a group of independent consultants both to assess what went wrong and to recommend long-term fixes.
Documents and interviews show that crews were patching cracks in 2009 and 2013. A water resources department spokesman said it was normal for maintenance crews to be troubleshooting cracks in the channel during dry summer months.
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One resident of the region said he saw crews in the spillway at least once a year for the past several years.
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'When they have four or five trucks down there, the only thing they have to do is fill cracks,' said Don Reighley, a retiree and fisherman who several times a week drives past the channel to launch his boat into the reservoir.
One of the state inspectors who went to Oroville Dam in August said authorities may never know exactly what destabilized the spillway.
'Any type of evidence that might have been there is gone,' Eric Holland of the water resources department's dam safety division said. 'Everything has been washed away.'